Discovering Migration: What Birds Reveal [Population & Migration] NEB English Class 10 Exercise

Discovering Migration: What Birds Reveal [Population & Migration] NEB English Class 10 Exercise

Glossary of the Text

chirps /tʃɜːrps/

Meaning: High-pitched bird sounds, similar to tweets or trills.

chatter /ˈtʃætər/

Meaning: Rapid and continuous talking or noise, often resembling prattle or babble.

transformed /trænsˈfɔːrmd/

Meaning: Underwent a significant change or conversion, similar to being changed or converted.

incredible /ɪnˈkrɛdəbl/

Meaning: Extremely difficult to believe or amazing, akin to being unbelievable or amazing.

roadmap /ˈroʊdˌmæp/

Meaning: A detailed plan or guide for a journey, similar to a plan or guide.

destinations /ˌdɛstəˈneɪʃənz/

Meaning: Places where birds travel to, often referred to as locations or endpoints.

pace /peɪs/

Meaning: The speed or rate at which something is done, akin to a stride or rhythm.

account-for /əˈkaʊnt fɔːr/

Meaning: Provide an explanation or justification for something, similar to explaining or justifying.

retrace /riˈtreɪs/

Meaning: Go back along a path that has been previously traveled, comparable to backtracking or revisiting.

fall /fɔːl/

Meaning: The season between summer and winter, also known as autumn or the time when temperatures descend.

amphibians /æmˈfɪbiənz/

Meaning: Cold-blooded vertebrate animals that live both on land and in water, such as frogs or salamanders.

reptiles /ˈrɛptaɪlz/

Meaning: Cold-blooded vertebrate animals with scaly skin and laying hard-shelled eggs, including snakes or turtles.

swarms /swɔːrmz/

Meaning: Large groups of insects or animals moving together, often referred to as groups or masses.

free-tailed /friː teɪld/

Meaning: Bats that have a long, slender tail that extends beyond the tail membrane.

fur seals /fɜr siːlz/

Meaning: Marine mammals with thick fur and external ear flaps, also known as sea lions.

Chinook salmon /tʃɪˈnʊk ˈsæmən/

Meaning: A type of salmon found in the Pacific Ocean and rivers of North America.

brindled-titmice /ˈbrɪndl̩d ˈtaɪtmɑɪs/

Meaning: Small birds with mottled or streaked plumage.

mountain-chickadees /ˈmaʊntən ˈtʃɪkəˌdiːz/

Meaning: Small birds found in mountainous regions.

stopover /ˈstɑːpoʊvər/

Meaning: A temporary stay or break during a journey, similar to a layover or rest stop.

layover /ˈleɪoʊvər/

Meaning: A period of rest or waiting during a journey, akin to a stopover or rest period.

perilous /ˈpɛrələs/

Meaning: Dangerous or risky, representing a state of danger.

A. Study the following word list and find their synonyms and antonyms as shown in the example. Write NA if the word does not have a synonym or antonym in the list.

a.transform

Synonyms: change, remodel, revamp

Antonyms: stagnate, hold on

b. incredible

Synonyms: unbelievable, amazing, wonderful

Antonyms: credible, plausible

c. roadmap

Synonyms: guideline, plan, direction, protocol, procedure

Antonyms: NA

d. retrace

Synonyms: backtrack, recall, recollect, reminisce

Antonyms: forget

e. grab

Synonyms: clutch, snatch, capture

Antonyms: free, liberate, release

f. elevation

Synonyms: height, altitude

Antonyms: flat, level, lowness

g. waterlogged

Synonyms: wet, sodden, soaked, drenched

Antonyms: dehydrated, dry, arid

h. refuel

Synonyms: refill, replenish, restock

Antonyms: deplete, exhaust

i. cluster

Synonyms: array, band, bunch, clump

Antonyms: chump

j. crucial

Synonyms: vital, fundamental

Antonyms: trivial, insignificant, unimportant

k. perilous

Synonyms: risky, dangerous, precarious, terrifying

Antonyms: harmless

C. Complete sentences (a-f) with their correct endings (i-vii).

Sentence	Correct Ending
a. In the past people had the misconception that	iv. birds hid underground or changed into some other birds.
b. To supply themselves with energy	ii. some birds stop to feed themselves with grains.
c. When the weather is favourable in spring	iii. birds fly back to their habitats.
d. As a sign of partial migration	i. some birds travel to a different place while others do not.
e. To wait for favourable weather	v. some birds choose to fly during the night.
f. For better flying conditions	vi. birds fly rapidly like marathon players.

B. Answer these questions

a. What is incredible about the migration of birds?

Answer: The incredible thing about bird migration is that they fly long distances without a roadmap or compass to reach their destinations.

b. What things do birds consider while flying to their destinations?

Answer: Birds consider factors such as changing winds, their own weight, and storms while flying to their destinations.

c. Which animals other than the birds migrate to new places?

Answer: Other animals that migrate to new places include insects, amphibians, reptiles, fish, and mammals.

d. What do scoters dive underwater for?

Answer: Scoters dive underwater to grab shellfish from the ocean floor.

e. Which birds travel up and down instead of going north to south?

Answer: Mountain birds, such as brindled-titmice and mountain chickadees, travel up and down instead of going north to south.

f. What is the partial migration of birds?

Answer: Partial migration of birds refers to the phenomenon where some birds of a species migrate to different places while others do not.

g. Why can sea terns not stay long in water?

Answer: Sea terns cannot stay long in water because they become waterlogged, making it difficult for them to continue flying.

h. How do birds feed themselves during their journeys?

Answer: Birds feed themselves during their journeys by stopping at locations with food sources, such as clusters of bushes with berries, to rest and refuel.

i. What are the signs of birds flying in the night sky?

Answer: The signs of birds flying in the night sky include their chattering and visibility when passing in front of the moon.

D. You might have seen or heard animals migrating to new places. What could be the reasons for animals to migrate?

When animals migrate, they go to new locations. They do this for many reasons. One of the most important reasons is to locate food. Animals seek for regions with plenty of food to ensure that they and their young have enough to eat. They also relocate to areas where they can have children and raise them safely. They may relocate to avoid terrible weather. They may discover better areas to live and survive by migrating. creatures also travel to avoid being eaten by other creatures. Overall, migration is an interesting strategy for animals to acquire food, make kids, and stay safe in a changing world.

Grammar II

A. Complete the sentences below with the correct alternatives from the brackets.

a. Even though we have different ideologies, we are intimate friends.

b. Despite our hard efforts, we could not establish a hospital in the village.

c. Even though the film was very popular, it was a commercial failure.

d. I enjoyed all the luxuries despite the fact that I grew up in a remote village.

e. I watched a late-night movie; however, I didn't feel sleepy in the morning class.

f. Even though scientists have done lots of research, there is no evidence of life on Mars.

g. Despite my efforts, I can't ever score excellent marks in the exam.

h. My room was burgled, although I had locked it securely before going out.

j. I called Siddhartha several times, but he did not respond.

k. Even though we had not invited them, they came to the party.

B. Join the following pairs of sentences with the connectives given in the brackets.

a. Although I was really exhausted, I could not sleep well.

b. In spite of not meeting the requirements, she was shortlisted for the job.

c. Even though the pay was quite low, I decided to work for the company.

d. Yet we lost the match, we had prepared for it really well.

e. Despite having badly injured her hand, Dipisha completed her assignment.

f. Kripa exercises every day, however, she is gaining weight.

g. Nevertheless Barcelona won the match, they were limited to ten players.

h. I love to watch cricket on TV, while my brother loves to watch football.

i. In spite of not having gone to bed until midnight, he woke up early in the morning.

j. Although he had not played well, he was selected for the school team.

Writing II

A large number of youths and professionals leave Nepal and migrate abroad each year. Write an essay expressing your opinion about the impacts of such migration. Also include suggestions and solutions to the problems caused by migration.

The Impact of Youth and Professional Migration in Nepal

Migration has become a common phenomena in Nepal, with a large number of young people and professionals departing the nation each year in search of better prospects overseas. While migration has certain advantages, it also has some drawbacks and implications for both individuals and nations.

One of the most significant consequences of migration is brain drain, which happens when highly educated and competent people leave Nepal to seek opportunities abroad. This flight deprives the country of significant human capital and knowledge, stifling the country's overall growth and advancement. The loss of these bright individuals has an especially negative impact on industries such as healthcare, education, and technology.

The economic impact of migration on Nepal is another consequence. Remittances returned home by migrant workers contribute greatly to the country's economy, relieving poverty and increasing household incomes. A significant dependence on remittances, on the other hand, might provide long-term issues, such as a loss in home production and growing reliance on foreign economies. To lessen its vulnerability to variations in remittance flows, Nepal must diversify its economy and invest in local sectors.

The departure of young and brilliant people might have a negative societal impact. The loss of a robust and productive workforce can result in a demographic imbalance that has an impact on family structures, social dynamics, and community cohesiveness. Furthermore, family separation due to migration can have emotional and psychological consequences, particularly for children and elderly parents who are left behind.

To reduce the drain of talent, Nepal must develop an environment that offers appealing possibilities. This includes encouraging a favorable business climate, assisting startups, and investing in critical industries to encourage entrepreneurship, innovation, and job development. It is critical to strengthen the school system and vocational training programs in order to provide the young with the essential skills and knowledge.

Finally, youth and professional mobility have important effects for Nepal, including brain drain, economic ramifications, and social consequences. To address these issues, Nepal must prioritize talent retention, economic diversification, and support mechanisms for impacted families. By tackling these concerns, Nepal will be able to maximize the benefits of migration while reducing its negative consequences, therefore contributing to the country's long-term development.